The advent of 3D printing is dramatically changing the concept of customization. Traditionally, customization has been a "made-to-order" service, provided to each individual on a bespoke basis. Meanwhile, mass-market product development has been a "one-size-fits-all" approach, focused on finding the greatest common denominator. These two opposing concepts have been transformed by 3D printing and digital technologies, creating an era in which personalized customization services can be offered to the masses.

British department store John Lewis has opened a custom sofa sales area on its ground floor, where customers can simulate their sofas using 3D printers and RFID tags. By matching upholstery samples with a 3D-printed miniature model of the sofa, customers can simulate what the fabric will look like on the sofa. With the power of technology, customers can more realistically imagine the interior of their home with the sofa.

"Print All Over Me" is a service that allows customers to order a one-of-a-kind, customized piece of clothing. This service allows users to select an item and have it fully printed with their own textile design or favorite graphic. Creators can upload their digital designs and receive a design fee when someone orders a printed item using that design. In an internet world where all data is downloadable, reproducible, and free, this service is gaining attention as a way to empower creators with greater initiative.

The evolution of 3D printers themselves is also remarkable. 3D printers that can handle a variety of materials, including not only plastic but also food and ceramics, are being developed, and this will likely become a trend that will accelerate mass customization in the future. 3D-SYSTEM is a technology company specializing in 3D technology, providing 3D printers and 3D printing materials. They have announced a 3D printer that can use food materials such as chocolate and candy as materials, and in collaboration with Hershey's, they have developed a 3D printer specifically for chocolate. As a result, they have succeeded in designing chocolates with three-dimensional designs that would rival even a pastry chef's.

3D printing is beginning to create new ways of interacting with us, objects, and creations. It may soon become commonplace to actually create the fantasy items that we have vaguely imagined in our heads, or to have a graphic fragment designed by someone else printed on your clothes. 3D printers will bring a new joy of creation into our lives.

>Next time: The future of retail technology brought about by smartphones and digital technology.