Screenwriter Dalton Trumbo was born on December 9, 1905, in Colorado, USA. He passed away on September 10, 1976. After graduating from the University of Southern California, he worked as a magazine reporter and editor for a time before pursuing a career as a screenwriter. His first film script was "Submarine SOS," released in 1937, and in 1940 he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for "The Love Letter." Trumbo continued to work on numerous films, but with the onset of the Cold War, anti-Communist movements gained momentum in the United States. Hollywood actors and production staff were among the first targets. Amid crackdowns by the House Un-American Activities Committee, which led the Red Scare, Trumbo, a Communist Party member, and 10 other film industry professionals refused to testify or respond to subpoenas, citing their fundamental human rights. As a result, they were charged with contempt of Congress in 1948. After receiving a prison sentence, Trumbo was forced to leave Hollywood. Undaunted, however, he continued to write film scripts under a pseudonym, even after fleeing to Mexico. One of the works resulting from this was "Roman Holiday," released in 1953. Shot on location in Rome, far from Hollywood's heartland, he cast Gregory Beck, a protester against the Red Scare, in the lead role and William Wyler, a leading figure in the movement, as director. Other filmmakers who had been expelled from the industry as a result of the Red Scare also gathered on location to work on the film. At the 1953 Academy Awards, "Roman Holiday" won the Best Original Screenplay award. Trumbo's close friend, screenwriter Ian McLellan Hunter, took the stage to accept the award. It's ironic that without his name, this masterpiece would never have reached the pinnacle of Hollywood fame. Later, in 1956, he released "The Black Bull," credited to Robert Rich, and won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He officially returned to Hollywood with the 1960 release of "Escape to Los Angeles," and in 1971 he directed and wrote "Johnny Got His Gun." This film is a film adaptation of his own novel, published in 1939, the year World War II broke out. Featuring a man who lost his senses and limbs in the war, the film offers a scathing critique of the government's involvement in the Vietnam War. It quickly became a hot topic upon its release and won numerous awards, including the Grand Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival. Trombo then wrote the screenplay for "A Hot Day in Dallas," released in 1973, before passing away three years later in 1976. After his death, the secrets of Roman Holiday came to light, and Trombo was once again awarded the Academy Award for Best Original Story in 1993.